The vaquita marina, a small cetacean that inhabits the Gulf of California, is still on the brink of extinction, despite multiple efforts to protect it. With fewer than 30 individuals estimated in 2023, this marine mammal is the most threatened on the planet. The main threat to their survival is the illegal fishing of totoaba, a fish whose swim bladder is highly valued on the black market, especially in Asia, for its supposed medicinal properties. The vaquita is trapped in the gillnets used to capture the totoaba and dies of suffocation when unable to break free, further reducing their chances of survival.

Actions in Mexico

Mexico has implemented several strategies to protect the marine vaquita. In 2015, a refuge area was established in the Upper Gulf of California, where fishing with gillnets, which are responsible for the by-catch of vaquitas, is prohibited. However, the lack of effective oversight has limited the success of these measures. Non-governmental organizations and activists have worked to sensitize the population and strengthen law enforcement.

In addition, in 2022, the Mexican government announced an action plan that includes increasing maritime patrols and supporting local fishing communities to promote sustainable practices. However, the fight against corruption and illegal trade remains a significant challenge.

International efforts

At the global level, the international community has intensified its support for the conservation of the marine vaquita. In 2019, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) joined the fight, urging countries to ban the totoaba trade and to increase cooperation to combat illegal trafficking. In addition, several NGOs, such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and Sea Shepherd, have launched campaigns to raise funds and awareness about the vaquita crisis.

A multidimensional approach

Protecting the vaquita marina requires a multidimensional approach that combines local action with international support. While efforts continue, the situation remains critical. The conservation of the marine vaquita is a reminder of the fragility of our ecosystems and the importance of acting to protect endangered species. Only through collaboration between governments, organizations and communities can we give the vaquita marina a chance to survive.

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