Photovoltaic solar energy is a renewable and clean energy source that uses solar radiation to produce electricity. This technology has become a popular solution for power generation due to its low environmental impact and the abundance of the energy source.

Solar energy transformation process

The process by which solar energy is transformed into electricity can be explained in a simple way. First, solar panels capture solar rays and convert light, composed of photons, into electrical energy, represented by electrons. From this initial conversion, inverters play a crucial role: they transform the direct electrical current generated by the panels into alternating current, which is suitable for consumption in homes and industries.

Key components in energy transformation

The transformation of solar energy takes place thanks to several essential components:

1. Photovoltaic panels: these panels are responsible for capturing solar radiation and transforming light into electrical energy.

2. Inverters: their function is to convert the direct current produced by the panels into alternating current, which is the form of electricity that can be used for general consumption.

3. Transformers: they increase the alternating current generated by inverters, which varies between 380 and 800 volts, to medium voltage, which can reach up to 36 kV.

Types of photovoltaic plants

There are three main types of photovoltaic plants, each with different characteristics:

1. Photovoltaic power plant:

- Description: it is an industrial facility connected to the electrical grid.

- Energy production: all the energy generated is discharged to the electrical grid.

2. Generator with self-consumption:

- Description: It can be private or industrial property, it is also connected to the network.

- Energy production: The energy generated is consumed by the same producer. In case of surpluses, these are discharged to the grid, while if there is a lack of energy, they can be taken from the grid.

3. Isolated plants:

- Description: Located in remote locations or farms, these plants are not connected to the electrical grid.

- Energy production: The energy produced is used for self-consumption. These facilities are self-sufficient and use batteries to store unconsumed energy for use in the absence of sun.

Additional components in isolated plants

In addition to photovoltaic panels, inverters and transformers, isolated plants require two additional elements for their operation:

1. Batteries: These store the energy produced by the panels that has not been used at the moment, to be used when there is no sun.

2. Regulators: Protect batteries against overcharging and prevent inefficient battery use.

In short, photovoltaic solar energy represents an effective and sustainable solution for electricity generation, adapting to different needs and locations across different plant configurations.

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